Ke eng Selective Breeding?
Selective breeding, e e tsejoeng gape e le artificial selection, ke tsamaiso eo batho ba e sebelisang ka boomo go kgethela chinchillas tse itseng go tswala ka lebaka la ditshobofelo tse di batlangwang. Tlamo e e rile e sebelisiwa dikgolegolong tse di farologaneng tsa diswanetshwanelo ka mabaka a lekgolo go ntlafatsa ditshobofelo tse diakantseng jaaka mmala wa boima, bothlobo, bogolo kgotsa botho. Go beng ba dipudi tsa chinchilla, selective breeding e ka nna ya ba mokgwa wa go hlahisa ditsanyana tse di nang le ditshobofelo tse di batlangwang tsa botle kgotsa dilo tse di phetseng sentle, mme e batla tlhokomelo e e hlokolosi le tlhokego ya boitshwaro bo botoka. Mo fapana le natural selection, moo ditshobofelo di bopiwang ke dintho tsa tikologo, selective breeding e tswelwa pele ke ditakatso tsa motho, e e bopang e nne sesebo se se kgolo—mme se se tlisang boikarabello.
Chinchillas, tse di tswang Andes Mountains, di rile di tswalwa ka selective breeding go tloha qalong ya lekgolo la bo20 la mengwalo, ka mantlha go boima bja bone. Letsatsi le lengwe, beng ba dipudi ba ka lebogela mmala o jaaka sapphire, violet, kgotsa ebony, kgotsa ba batla ditshobofelo jaaka botho bo bokgathalang. Fa go ntse jalo, sepheo se simolola ka nako nne se tshwaragale kgotso le bophelo bo botoka ba dipudi ho feta feela ponahalo.
O lebogela eng go nna le Selective Breeding?
Bjalo ka mong wa chinchilla, o ka lebogela selective breeding go boloka kgotsa go ntlafatsa ditshobofelo tse di itseng mo kgalaganyeng ya gago. Mohlala, ge o na le chinchilla e e nang le mmala o o sa tlwaelelweng wa phetoho, jaaka white mosaic, go e tswaisa le chinchilla e nngwe e e tshwanang go thusa go boloka ponahalo eo e e kgolo mo ditsaneng tse di tlang. Ka tsela e nngwe, o ka batla go ntlafatsa bophelo ka bophara ka go thulana chinchillas tse di nang le matla a a kgolo a ho itshireletsa kgotsa tse di se nang histori ya mathata a dilo tsa lefelo la tlhaho jaaka malocclusion (bothata bo botlwaelehileng ba meno chinchillas bo amang go ya go 30% ya setshaba ge se sa laolwang ka hloko).
Fa go ntse jalo, selective breeding ga se ka botle kgotsa bophelo fela—ke gape ka botho. Ge o lemogile chinchilla ya gago e le e e bophumolangwang le e bonolo go e tshwara, go di tswaisa go tsamaya ditshobofelo tseo, go dira dipudi tse di tlang di nne tse di tshwanang sentle le malapa kgotsa beng ba pele. Senotlolo ke go nna le sepheo se se bonalang gabotse le go utlwisisa dilo tsa lefelo la tlhaho tse di bakileng ditshobofelo tseo o di lebelang.
Malebogo a A Tlhoafalang a Selective Breeding
Ge o moswa mo go tswaisa chinchillas, qala ka tsela e nyane le go ithuta ka botlalo. Mona ke malebogo a a ka thusang go go tswela pele:
- Thuto ya Genetics Pele: Chinchilla color genetics e ka nna e le e thata. Mohlala, ebony gene ke e e kgolo, ha e ntse e le violet ke e e fokolang, go bolelang o tla batla dithulano tse di itseng go fihlela mmala o o batlangwang. Dirisa disebediswa tsa inthanete kgotsa o buisane le ba tswaisang ba ba nang le boiphihlelo go utlwisisa mekgwa ya go fihlela dilo.
- Screening ya Bophelo: Pele ga go tswaisa, netefatsa chinchillas ka bobedi di phetse sentle. Rulaganya ditekelo tsa ngaka ya dipudi go hlokomela mathata a a tlwaelehileng jaaka murmurs tsa pelo kgotsa mathata a meno. Tswaisa feela chinchillas tse di kgale go feta dikgwedi tse di 8 le ka tlase ga mengwalo a 4 go fokotsa dikotsi—basali ka mantlha ga ba swelwe bana kalo ba sa kgone go itshwaraganya ka gore go ka isa mathateng.
- Fokotsa Inbreeding: Go tswaisa bapadala ba a hagago kgafetsa go ka oketsa kotsi ya dikotsi tsa dilo tsa lefelo la tlhaho. Lebogela gene pool e e farologaneng ka go thulanya chinchillas tse di sa amaneng. Boloka direkoto tse di thata tsa leloko go latedisa tlhokomelo ya badimo.
- Hlokomela Dithulano: Chinchillas di ka nna tse di itseng ka lefelo. Tsenya banyadi ba ba ka nna ba tswaisa kagafela mo sebakeng se se sa kgetholwa, mme o loke ka ntate kgohi e e farologaneng ge di sa diragane sentle. Tswaiso ga e swelwe ka matla.
- Rulaganya Ditsanyana: Litter e e tlwaelehileng ke ditsanyana tse 1-3, di tswa ka morago ga matsatsi a 111 a kemelo. Ithonngwa go hlokomela bana kgotsa go hwetsha malapa a a ikemetseng. Ditsanyana di swanngwa le mmeso wa bone ka dikgwedi tse di 8 pele ga go koetlisa.
Tlhokego ya Boitshwaro bo Botoka
Selective breeding e tlisang boikarabello jwa boitshwaro. Fokotsa go tswaisa go feta tekano kgotsa go lebogela phaello feela, ka gore sena se ka isa dipudi tse di sa hlokomengwang kgotsa melapo e e sa phetseng sentle. Loka nako nne o tshwaragale bophelo bo botoka ba chinchillas—netefatsa di na le likgohi tse di pharaletseng (go ya go bophara ba maoto a 3 le bolelele), dijo tse di siameng, le libate tsa lerole tse di tlwaelehileng. Ge chinchilla e bontsha matshwenyego kgotsa bophelo bo bo sa siameng, lekola hape go e tswaisa. Gape, o be le hloko ka bothata jwa go feta ga dipudi; tswaisa feela ge o na le kgolagano ya go thula ditsanyana malapeng a a lerato.
Malebogo a Mantlha a Qetello
Selective breeding e ka nna e le tiro e e thabang go beng ba chinchilla, e e go lumellang go bopa bokamoso jwa kgalaganyego ya gago ka boomo. Fa go ntse jalo, ga se mokgwa wa boithomelo fela—e batla nako, thuto, le boitelo bo bo tebileng mo bophelong bja dipudi. Ka go lebogela bophelo, botho, le mekgwa ya boitshwaro bo botoka, o ka thusa sentle mo setshabeng sa chinchilla. Ge o sa itseng go qala kae, o kgomane le ba tswaisang ba lebadimo kgotsa di klab tsa chinchilla go hwetsa tlhomamiso. Ka go robala le tlhokomelo, selective breeding e ka nna e le mokgwa o o thabangwang wa go phudisa botle bo bo kgolo le botho ba dipudi tseno tse di ratehang.