Ukwazisa Izinhlobo Zezakhi Zwanemvamva eChinchillas
Chinchillas, lezo zinkumbane ezithandekayo, ezimbutshuzwayo ezivela emantshaneni ase-Andes eNingizimu Melika, zibambe izinhliziyo zabanikazi bezilwane zasekhaya emhlabeni wonke. Nakuba chinchillas ekuqaleni zafuywa uboya bazo ekuqaleni kwekhulu lama-20, ukukhethwa okukhethekile kokuzala kusukile kwavela ukugxila ekuziphatheni, empilweni, kanye nezinguquko zobunhlansi obucabangayo bokuhweba ngezilwane zasekhaya. Namuhla, izinhlobo zokuzala zanemvamva—ezivame ukubizwa ngokuthi izinguquko zobunhlansi noma izinhlobo—zinikeza ukubukeka okukhangayo kakhulu kuyilapho zigcina izici eziyisisekelo zohlamvu lolwa. Lesi sihloko sihlola umlando, i-taxonomy, kanye nokwehluka kwezinhlobo zokuzala zanemvamva zechinchilla, sinikeza abanikazi bezilwane zasekhaya ulwazi kanye namacebo asebenzayo okuqonda nokunakekela lezi zinxusa ezijabulisayo.
Umlando Wokuzalela iChinchilla
Chinchillas zaqaliswa ukugcinwa emzini ngama-1920s lapho umsebenzi waseMelika wasemgodini uM.F. Chapman eletha ama-chinchillas ayi-11 asendle eCalifornia ukuze aqale imboni yokufuya uboya. Ngaleso sikhathi, kuphela istandard gray (noma agouti) chinchilla eyayikhona esotsheni, ifana nabalingani bayo basendle. Eminyakeni eyishumi nambili, abafuyi baqala ukubona izinguquko zemvelo kubunhlansi boboya futhi basebenzela ukuthuthukisa lezi zici ngokukhethwa kokuzala. Maphakathi nekhulu lama-20, izinhlobo zobunhlansi obuhlukile zavela, zimaka ukuqala kwezinhlobo zokuzala zanemvamva. Namuhla, izinhlangano ezifana neEmpress Chinchilla Breeders Cooperative (ECBC) kanye neMutation Chinchilla Breeders Association (MCBA) e-United States zimisa amastandadi alawa amahlobo, ziqinisekisa izindlela zokuzala ezifanele kanye nezofuzo ezinhle. Ukuqonda lo mlando kusiza abanikazi bezilwane zasekhaya ukubonga ukwehluka kwechinchillas kanye nokubaluleka kokuzala okunesibopho ukuze kugwenywe izinkinga zempilo ezinxulumene nokuzalela ngokweqile kwezinguquko ezithile.
Izinhlobo Zokuzala Zanemvamva Ezivame
Izinhlobo zokuzala zanemvamva zechinchilla ichazwa ngokuyinhloko ngombala woboya kanye nephethini, okuvela ezinguqukweni zofuzo. Nayi ezinye zezinhlobo ezithandwa kakhulu ezamukelwa namuhla:
- Standard Gray (Agouti): Chinchilla yasekuqaleni yohlobo lwesendle, enoboya obumnyama obumpunga kanye nesisu esimhlophe. Lolu hlobo luqine futhi luvame ukunconywa kubanikazi bokuqala ngenxa yezofuzo zalo eziqinile.
- Beige: Umbala ofudumele, ocreamy-brown, waqokwa okokuqala ngama-1950s. Ama-beige chinchillas angaba homozygous (akakhanya) noma heterozygous (amnyama), futhi avame ukuba nobungane.
- Black Velvet (Touch of Velvet): Adumile ngoboya babo abamnyama abamisa kakhulu benesithunzi esibusukile kanye nesisu esimhlophe, le nququko yavela ngama-1960s. Adinga ukuzalela ngokucophelela ukuze kugwenywe isici esibulalayo—isinkinga yofuzo lapho izakhi zama-velvet amabili zibangele inzalo engasebenziseki.
- White (Wilson White, Mosaic, Silver): Inhlobo emangalisayo enoboya obumhlophe, evame ukuhlanganiswa neminwe eminwe empunga kuma-mosaics. Yaqaliswa ukuzalwa ngama-1950s, ama-white adinga ukunakekelwa okwengeziwe kokuhlanzeka koboya ngenxa yoboya bawo abakhanyayo.
- Sapphire: Inququko engandile enombala olingqingqiwe-ompunga, yathuthukiswa ngama-1960s. Ama-sapphire athambekele ezinkingeni ezithile zempilo njengosayizi omncane wezizalwane, ngakho abanikazi kufanele bawathole ku-breeders abadumile.
- Violet: Enombala ompunga-onsomi othambile, lolu hlobo lwavela ngama-1970s. Ama-violet abukeka kahle kakhulu kodwa angaba nobuzwa kakhulu ekushintsheni kwamazinga okushisa.
Acebo Asebenzayo Abanikazi Bezilwane
Ukuqonda uhlobo lokuzala lwe-chinchilla yakho kungasiza ukulungiselela ukunakekela kwayo. Nayi amacebo asebenzayo abanikazi:
- Cwaninga Izofuzo ZeChinchilla Yakho: Ukuzwa ukuthi isilwane sakho siyini standard gray noma inququko engandile njenge-sapphire kungakusiza ukulindela izidingo zempilo. Ngokwesibonelo, ama-velvets nama-sapphires kungadingeka babekwe ukugadwa ngokucophelela ezinkingeni zofuzo. Buza umfuyi wakho i-pedigree uma kungenzeka.
- Ukugcaba Ngombala: Ama-chinchillas anombala okhanyayo njengama-whites adinga izimoto zothuli zemvula ezivame kakhulu (izi-2-3 ngesonto) ngothuli lwe-chinchilla lwekhwalithi ephezulu ukuze kugwenywe ukungcoliseka koboya. Izinhlobo ezimnyama njengama-black velvets zibonisa kakhulu umvumo wothuli, ngakho gcina indawo yazo yokugeza ihlanzekile.
- Ukuzwela Kwamazinga Okushisa: Izinguquko njengama-violets zingazwela kakhulu ukushisa. Gcina indawo epholile (60-70°F noma 15-21°C) futhi ugweme ukubeka amageja eduze kwawindozo noma izishiseli, kungakhathaliseki uhlobo lokuzala.
- Gwemezela Ukuzala Ngaphandle Kolwazi: Ngenxa yezici ezibulalayo (isib., kuma-velvets nama-whites), ukuzala okuzenzelayo kunglimaza ama-chinchillas. Uma unentshisekelo yokuzala, xoxa nodokotela wezilwane noma ujoiwe inhlangano yabafuyi ukuze uthole iseluleko.
- Ukwamukela Ngokunesibopho: Kunezinwe-chinchillas ezingaphezu kwezinkulungwane ezingu-100 000 ohwebeni lwamasilwane ngonyaka, khetha ukwamukela ezindlini zokuhlenga noma kubafuyi abadumile ukuqinisekisa ukuthi awusekeli imikhuba engafanele yokuzala ngokweqile kwezinguquko ezingandile.
Isiphetho
Izinhlobo zokuzala zanemvamva ze-chinchillas zibonisa ukwehluka okumangalisayo ngaphakathi kwalolu hlamvu oluncane, kusukela kwi-standard gray yasekuqaleni kuya ezinqukweni ze-sapphire ne-violet ezishukumisayo. Uhlamvu ngaluthi luphethe ingxenye yomlando kanye nemizamo yokuzala okukhethekile eye yakha ama-chinchillas esiwawaziyo namuhla njengamasilwane asekhaya. Ngokwqonda imvelaphi nezici zalawo mahlobo, abanikazi bezilwane banganakekela kangcono izilwane zabo ezinoboya, beqinisekisa ukuthi achumele endaweni yothando. Kungakhathaliseki ukuthi ukhangwe ubuhle be-black velvet noma ubulula be-standard gray, yonke i-chinchilla ifanele ukunakekelwa okwaziyo, okunaka ngokwezidingo zayo ezihlukile.