Introduction to the Fur Trade Era
Mwalandirani, okonda chinchilla! Ngati ndinu enu okonda a these adorable, fluffy companions, kumvetsetsa ulendo wawo wa mbiri yakale kungakulitse chidwi chanu nawo. Fur Trade Era, yomwe inayamba kuyambira mzaka za 16 mpaka kumapeto kwa mzaka za 20, inakhala ndi gawo lalikulu pakupanga ubale pakati pa anthu ndi chinchillas. Zochokera ku miwi ya Andes ku South America, chinchillas zinali zikusakasidwa kwambiri chifukwa cha ubweya wawo wofewa kwambiri ndi wakuzizika. Tiyeni tigire mu nthawi yosangalatsayi iyi ndikuzifufuza momwe imakhudirira chisamalidwe cha chinchilla ndi kuteteza lero.
Historical Context of the Fur Trade
Chinchillas, makamaka mtundu wa Chinchilla lanigera (long-tailed) ndi Chinchilla chinchilla (short-tailed), zili ndi ubweya womwe ndi m'gulu la zofewa kwambiri padziko lapansi, ndi mpaka ubweya 80 womera kuchokera ku follicle imodzi. Khalidwe lodziwika lino linawapangitsa kukhala chandamale chachikulu mu Fur Trade Era. Anthu achikhalidwe a Andes, monga fuko la Chincha, poyamba ankagwiritsa ntchito zovala za chinchilla pa zovaladi ndi bulangeti, kuyikira kutentha kwawo ndi kukhala opepuka. Komabe, pamene ofufuza a ku Europe anafika mzaka za 16, kufuna kwa ubweya wa chinchilla kunakwera chifukwa cha fur. Pofika mzaka za 19, chinchillas miliyoni zidasakasidwa pachaka kuti zipereke msika wa ku Europe ndi North America, komwe ubweya wawo unali chizindikiro cha zamtundu wapamwamba. Zolemba za mbiri zakale zikuyerekeza kuti zovala za chinchilla zopitilira 21 miliyoni zinatumizidwa pakati pa 1828 ndi 1916, zomwe zinayendetsa mitundu yonse yoyandikira kutha.
Impact on Wild Chinchilla Populations
Kusaka kwakukulu mu Fur Trade Era kunakhala ndi zotsatira zowonongeka. Pofika kumapeto kwa mzaka za 1900s, kuchuluka kwa chinchilla zakuthambo kunatsika kwambiri, ndipo chinchilla ya short-tailed inali ikuganizidwa kuti yatha mpaka madera ang'onoang'ono apezeke m'ma 1970s. Chinchilla ya long-tailed, ngakhale ili yolimba pang'ono, inakumana ndi kuchepa kwakukulu. Izi zidadzetsa njira zotetezera, kuphatikiza yoletsa kusaka m'mayiko ngati Chile, Peru, Bolivia, ndi Argentina. Lero, mitundu yonse yawonetsedwa ngati yomwe ili pavidzake ndi International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN), ndi anthu ochepera 10,000 omwe akuyerekezeredwa kuti akutsala zakuthambo. Cholowa cha fur trade chimakhala chikumbutso chachikulu cha kufunika kwa kuchitira anthu bwino ndi khama loteteza.
Transition to Domestication
Pamene kuchuluka kwa zakuthambo kunachepa, fur trade inasinthira ku domestication. Mu 1920s, injiniya woyika mgodi wa ku America dzina lake Mathias F. Chapman anayamba kuswana chinchillas mu ukapolo, ndikubweretsa gulu laling'ono ku United States. Zoyesayesa zimenezi zinali chiyambi cha makampani amasiku ano a chinchilla pet ndi fur farming. Ngakhale fur farming ikatsalabe mkangano, ambiri a chinchillas oyambirira a Chapman anakhala makolo a chinchillas za pets zamasiku ano. Kusinthaku kumawonetsa momwe kulowererapo kwa anthu kungasinthire kuchokera ku kugwiritsa ntchito kupita ku ubwenzi, zomwe zikupitirira pomwe chinchillas tsopano zimasungidwa makamaka ngati pets okondedwa osati chifukwa cha ubweya wawo.
Practical Tips for Chinchilla Owners
Kumvetsetsa Fur Trade Era kungatikondweretsa kuti tipereke chisamalidwe chabwino kwambiri kwa chinchillas zathu ndikuthandizira kuteteza. Apa pali upangiri wochita:
- Dzidzitse Inu ndi Enanso: Gawani mbiri ya chinchillas ndi enu okonzera ziweto kuti muwonetsetse za momwe ali pavidzake. Lankhuleni motsutsana ndi fur products zopangidwa kuchokera ku chinchillas kapena nyama zina.
- Thandizani Khama Loteteza: Perekani ndalama kapena gwiritsani ntchito ndi mabungwe ngati Chinchilla Conservation Project, yomwe imagwira ntchito kuteteza kuchuluka kwa zakuthambo ku South America.
- Perekeni Malo Achilengedwe: Tetezani malo awo a Andes mwa kusunga msanga wawo wozizira (60-70°F kapena 15-21°C) ndi wouma, popeza ubweya wawo wozizika unapangidwa kwa nyengo zamtunda wapamwamba. Pewani chinyezi chachikulu kuti mupewe mavuto a thanzi okhudza ubweya.
- Kugula Mwamakhalidwe: Zitsimikizireni kuti chinchilla yanu imachokera kwa breeder wodziwika yemwe amayikira thanzi kuposa ubweya, kupewa kuthandizira zochita zopanda makhalidwe zokhudzidwa ndi cholowa cha fur trade.
Why This History Matters Today
Fur Trade Era si chapani chokha m'mabuku a mbiri; ndi mmasemo wochita kwa enu okonzera chinchilla. Mwa kuphunzira za kugwiritsidwa ntchito komwe nyama zimenezi anavutika, titha kudzipereka kwa thanzi lawo ndi kulankhulira za omwe ali zakuthambo. Nthawi iliyonse mutameta chinchilla yanu kapena kuwonera akusamba fumbu, kumbukirani kulimba mtima kwa mtundu wawo. Palimodzi, titha kuwonetsetsa kuti cholowa cha fur trade chisinthire kukhala tsogolo la chisamalidwe, ulemu, ndi kuteteza kwa zolengedwa zosangalatsayi zimenezi.